Artificial intelligence in oncology: chances and pitfalls

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been available in rudimentary forms for many decades. Early AI programs were successful in niche areas such as chess or handwriting recognition. However, AI methods had little practical impact on the practice of medicine until recently. Beginning around 2012, AI has emerged as an increasingly important tool in healthcare, and AI-based devices are now approved for clinical use. These devices are capable of processing image data, making diagnoses, and predicting biomarkers for solid tumors, among other applications. Despite this progress, the development of AI in medicine is still in its early stages, and there have been exponential technical advancements since 2022, with some AI programs now demonstrating human-level understanding of image and text data. In the past, technical advances have led to new medical applications with a delay of a few years. Therefore, now we might be at the beginning of a new era in which AI will become even more important in clinical practice. It is essential that this transformation is humane and evidence based, and physicians must take a leading role in ensuring this, particularly in hematology and oncology.

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