Operational Systems of Thought in Clinical Decision-Making in the Era of Generative AI and the Future Role of Healthcare Professionals as “Emotion Terminal” (Preprint)

Abstract

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology are transforming healthcare, reshaping clinical decision making, and changing the roles of healthcare professionals. This paper explores the interaction between two operational systems of thought, 'intelligence' and 'consciousness', and how generative AI models, such as GPT-4, can complement healthcare professionals in serving the best interests of patients. AI systems are efficient at processing large amounts of data, supporting diagnoses, suggesting treatments and assessing medical risks. However, the subjective experiences and emotional turmoil that patients go through during clinical decision-making are not always rational and require a different approach. Yuval Noah Harari's concept of "intelligence" as the ability to solve problems and "consciousness" as the ability to feel subjective experiences is presented as two modes of thinking: the intelligent operating system (I-OS) and the conscious operating system (C-OS). Generative AI excels at supporting I-OS reasoning by efficiently solving problems and providing evidence-based information. However, its performance in C-OS, which deals with subjective experiences and emotions, is limited. As generative AI becomes an increasingly effective information terminal, healthcare professionals will need to adapt and become "emotion terminals". They will be responsible for understanding patients' subjective experiences, providing good communication and active listening, and helping patients to articulate their wishes and concerns. The future role of healthcare professionals will involve striking a balance between I-OS and C-OS thinking to facilitate optimal decision-making processes for patients. By embracing this dual role, healthcare professionals can strengthen the connection between patients and doctors, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the era of AI adoption. </sec>

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