Redefining authorship in the era of artificial intelligence: balancing ethics, transparency, and progress

Abstract

I have read the article titled ‘Dignity of Science and the Use of ChatGPT as a Co-Author’ published in your journal with great interest.1Scimeca M. Bonfiglio R. Dignity of science and the use of ChatGPT as a co-author.ESMO Open. 2023; 8101607Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar While the concerns regarding artificial intelligence’s (AIs) potential influence on human dignity are undeniably significant, it is essential to reevaluate these apprehensions in light of evolving circumstances. At the outset, it is crucial to emphasize that human dignity is not a fungible commodity.2European Union Agency for Fundamental RightsArticle 1 - Human dignity.http://fra.europa.eu/en/eu-charter/article/1-human-dignityDate accessed: July 15, 2023Google Scholar The incorporation of AI in scientific research does not imply a transfer or loss of dignity, but rather it highlights our capacity to innovate and adapt. As scientists, open-mindedness and adaptability are cornerstones of our ethos, driving us to transcend traditional paradigms. While current authorship norms have served us well in the past, they must be evaluated and modified in the face of significant shifts in research methodology. Science is not a static entity bound by immutable laws.3Stokel-Walker C. ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove.Nature. 2023; 613: 620-621Crossref PubMed Scopus (148) Google Scholar It is an evolving discipline that must keep pace with technological advancements, including the burgeoning influence of AI. Many academics, albeit reluctantly in some cases, are already leveraging AI tools such as ChatGPT in their research.3Stokel-Walker C. ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove.Nature. 2023; 613: 620-621Crossref PubMed Scopus (148) Google Scholar As these tools continue to develop, their usage is bound to become more prevalent. Concealing their role does not serve the principles of transparency and honesty that underpin scientific research. Instead, we should openly acknowledge their contributions to uphold these principles. Arguing for the revision of authorship norms is not to undermine them but to ensure they align with current practices. Traditional authorship criteria are not sacrosanct or unchangeable. While these criteria have worked in the past, the significant contributions of AI in various stages of research, such as literature review, data analysis, and even manuscript drafting, merit a reevaluation of what constitutes authorship.4Salvagno M. Taccone F.S. Gerli A.G. Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing?.Crit Care. 2023; 27: 75Crossref Scopus (60) Google Scholar It is at this juncture that we find ourselves grappling with an ethical paradox. On the one hand, we are debating the recognition of AI as co-authors, and on the other, we are dealing with a more human-centric problem of ‘gift authorship’, where undeserved authors are included in the author list.5Reisig M.D. Holtfreter K. Berzofsky M.E. Assessing the perceived prevalence of research fraud among faculty at research-intensive universities in the USA.Account Res. 2020; 27: 457-475Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar This form of academic fraud, which undermines the sanctity of authorship and the integrity of scientific research, arguably poses a greater threat to the dignity of science than the acknowledgment of AI’s role would. It is ironic that while we are worried that AI will harm human dignity, our own human practices are causing a substantial breach of ethical conduct. In a sense, the emergence of AI as a potential ‘co-author’ serves as a mirror to reflect our existing flaws, and also provides an impetus to reconsider our established norms. The introduction of AI as a research collaborator might indeed serve as a call to action—a chance to address these existing issues head-on and establish more equitable and transparent authorship guidelines. Scientific progress requires us to be more realistic than emotional. Changes are upon us, and they are, more often than not, uncomfortable. Yet, they provide an opportunity for growth. The discussion about AI’s role in research offers a chance to revisit our authorship criteria; address existing shortcomings; and reinforce our commitment to ethics, transparency, and integrity in scientific publication. None declared.

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