The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Treatment Planning: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment planning has traditionally relied on manual assessments, which can be time-consuming and prone to errors. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise this process, enhancing accuracy and efficiency. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the use of AI in orthodontic treatment planning. Seven databases were searched, and studies were selected based on predetermined criteria. Bias evaluation was performed using the QUADAS-AI tool. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect in favour of AI-based methods in determining cephalometric landmarks (pooled mean difference [MD]: 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48, 4.22) and teeth segmentation (pooled MD: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.26). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in both analyses, indicating significant differences between studies. However, the overall results suggest that AI-based methods demonstrate superior accuracy in orthodontic and dental imaging assessments. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence for the potential of AI in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of orthodontic treatment planning. The results highlight the benefits of AI in improving the speed and accuracy of orthodontic and dental procedures, as well as its potential to augment human capabilities in orthodontic and dental imaging assessments. Further research is needed to develop and refine AI-based systems for specific applications.

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