Overlooked and underpowered: a meta-research addressing sample size in radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes

Abstract

Question Sample size justification is critical to help minimize overfitting in developing a radiomics model, but is overlooked and underpowered in radiomics research. Findings Few of the radiomics models justified, calculated, or reported their sample size, and most of them did not meet the recent formal sample size criteria. Clinical relevance Radiomics models are often designed without sample size justification. Consequently, many models are too small to avoid overfitting. It should be encouraged to justify, perform, and report the considerations on sample size when developing radiomics models.

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