Preventive counseling of patients with risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in clinical practice. Analytical review

Abstract

Aim . Based on the generalization of Russian and international experience, to formulate the main types and components of preventive counseling (PC) of patients with risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, analyze existing programs and initiatives aimed at developing PC methods and technologies, including new ones, with subsequent implementation in primary health care (PHC). To identify and structure the main problems and barriers of the implementation of individual PC technologies in practice. Material and methods . Systematic search and analysis of publications on the problem, systematization of the obtained information on the use of motivational, clinical and economic incentives for PC aimed at changing the population behavior on their own health. Results. The main options/types and forms of PC are defined. Examples of successful implementation of short PC and in-depth PC technologies in primary health care practice are given. The following problems and barriers hindering the implementation of in-depth PC in primary health care were identified: insufficient training of health workers regarding communication skills and methods of motivational counseling; limited time for consultations; insufficient motivation of the patients themselves to change their lifestyle and comply with recommendations; management barriers associated with limited resources, the level of digital maturity of the medical organization and support from the healthcare system for the implementation of multifactorial medical prevention technologies. Conclusion. The summarized factual data confirm the importance and necessity of introducing PC as an effective method for reducing modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. The most promising direction is in-depth PC, which, due to its targeted nature and comprehensive approach, allows achieving results in changing patients' behavior and reducing risk factors.

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