The current state, challenges, and future directions of artificial intelligence in healthcare in Saudi Arabia: systematic review

Abstract

Background: The use of artificial intelligence has been part of the healthcare technologies used in managing various aspects of healthcare processes. In Saudi Arabia, the use of artificial intelligence for managing healthcare has been influenced by the increasing use of healthcare technologies within the healthcare system. The aim of this study is to systematically review the current state, challenges, and future directions of artificial intelligence in healthcare in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study used a systematic review methodology, which used the critical appraisal of articles on the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. The critical appraisal used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to implement the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial search for articles led to 88 articles, which were screened to 13, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The current state of the use of artificial intelligence in Saudi's healthcare system has been slowed down by the gradual uptake of healthcare technologies and the investments required. The main challenges identified included lack of policies to support artificial intelligence, lack of adequate capital for infrastructure and human resources and lack of cultures to accommodate the artificial intelligence in Saudi Arabia. With the current privatization and increased use of the artificial intelligence, the future of artificial intelligence in Saudi's healthcare system would see an increase in their utilization. Specific findings indicate the potential of artificial intelligence in improving clinical practice through blockchain, and that investments in artificial intelligence have encompasses various applications, including radiology. Skills gaps expected among healthcare professionals and the adoption of new technology are difficulties impacting the utilization of artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector. Conclusion: The use of artificial intelligence in Saudi's healthcare system requires the investments into infrastructure, human resource development and gradual commitments towards the healthcare technologies. The use of artificial intelligence would have benefits such as effectiveness in access to care and ability to meet the healthcare outcomes.

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