AI-Driven Innovations in Orthodontics and Periodontics

Abstract

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have impacted healthcare, including dentistry, where dental imaging is key for diagnostics and treatment. AI has enhanced human expertise. This chapter reviews AI in dental image analysis, focusing on methods, techniques, and clinical applications. It covers imaging modalities like intraoral X-rays, panoramic radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which capture structural details. The chapter explores how machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms tackle segmentation, feature extraction, and pattern recognition, enabling automated detection of conditions like caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. It also discusses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for tasks like age estimation, treatment planning, and anatomical analysis. The review highlights challenges like data scarcity, annotation complexity, and interpretability in AI models. AI-driven innovations like real-time diagnostics, multi-modal imaging fusion, and personalized treatment planning are set to redefine dentistry.

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