The potentials and challenges of integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) in dental and orthodontic education: a systematic review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Generative AI technologies offer significant opportunities to enhance orthodontic education by improving knowledge retention, clinical decision-making, and skills training. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of generative AI tools in orthodontic education, focusing on knowledge retention, decision-making, and practical skills. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, ERIC, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore from January 2010 to December 2023. Studies evaluating the integration of generative AI in dental and orthodontic education were included. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, with the GRADE approach used to evaluate evidence quality. RESULTS: Generative AI improved knowledge retention and clinical decision-making through adaptive learning pathways and real-time feedback. Barriers included limited faculty training, technical infrastructure deficits, and educator resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Generative AI holds transformative potential for orthodontic education but requires addressing practical and ethical challenges. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to validate long-term impact and explore integration strategies.

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