AI Implementation in U.S. Healthcare and Its Association With Elder Mortality and Quality of Care

Abstract

Abstract Hospitals are increasingly adopting artificial intelligence (AI) tools in clinical care. However, their overall impact on the health of older adults remains unclear. We assessed whether county-level hospital AI implementation was associated with elder mortality and care quality using national data from the American Hospital Association (AHA), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), and CDC WONDER. Higher AI implementation was associated with lower elder deaths from all causes, circulatory and respiratory conditions, along with improvements in pneumonia and heart failure mortality, reduced hospital readmissions, and staff vaccination rates. However, we also found associations between AI implementation and increased rates of high-risk opioid prescribing and sepsis shock incidence. These findings highlight both the potential benefits and unintended consequences of AI in elder care. Given limitations in data specificity and the cross-sectional study design, future research should adopt longitudinal methods and promote more standardized reporting of AI use.

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