Investigating Students’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI), recognized as the fourth industrial revolution, is revolutionizing medical practice through enhanced diagnostics, treatment planning, and healthcare delivery. Its expanded role post-COVID-19 underscores the urgency of AI literacy among future physicians. This study aimed to explore medical students’ perceptions of AI in medical education. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2024 at CMH and AIMC medical colleges in Pakistan. Using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, an online questionnaire was distributed among MBBS students from both public and private institutions. A minimum of 10% of students from each academic year were invited, yielding a final sample of 139 respondents (response rate: 92%). Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Among participants, 57.2% were female and 42.8% male. Most students (96.4%) agreed that computers aid learning, and 93.5% believed AI will be essential in future medical practice. Additionally, 77% felt AI would improve medical education, while 87.7% expressed willingness to receive AI-based instruction. A majority (89.1%) supported the inclusion of AI training in the curriculum, and 83.5% believed AI knowledge would benefit their careers. Female students were significantly more likely to support curriculum integration (p = 0.03) and AI instruction (p = 0.04), though no significant gender differences were observed in perceptions of AI’s future role (p = 0.12). Conclusion: Medical students exhibited highly positive attitudes toward AI. While they do not view AI as replacing physicians, they recognize its transformative role. Integrating AI education into MBBS curricula is therefore essential.

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