Trust, Digital Competencies, and Self-Efficacy in Using ChatGPT: A Preliminary Study of Croatian Users

Abstract

The use of generative artificial intelligence chatbots (Gen AI chatbots) in conversation is becoming increasingly widespread in everyday life. Users are enabled to communicate with a computer in natural language, whereby their skill in writing instructions has become extremely important for obtaining satisfactory outputs with which they can perform a certain activity. Understanding user behavior is extremely important for acceptance and adoption of this AI technology. The research in this paper was conducted among 110 Croatian users with the aim of examining the relationship between trust, self-assessment of digital competences and perceived self-efficacy in using ChatGPT in everyday life. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between all three factors. Furthermore, the respondents stated on average to have the necessary digital competencies to use this tool and to apply it independently in everyday activities; however, they lacked confidence in this technology. In particular, the need to increase users’ awareness of the ethical aspects of using ChatGPT and to develop their digital competence for integrating ChatGPT with other digital tools was identified. The aforementioned indicates the importance of empowering users to use tools in their daily activities. Therefore, the results of this research can be useful for developing strategies and educational programs that encourage effective and responsible use of ChatGPT, as well as for further research in this area.

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