Expert perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in surgical endoscopy: Ethical and legal considerations in Türkiye

Abstract

Aim: Numerous AI-assisted endoscopic technologies have been developed to overcome the major limitations encountered in endoscopic procedures.However, the introduction of these new technologies has raised various concerns regarding ethical, legal, and accountability-related issues.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ethical concerns and general perspectives of general surgery specialists and subspecialists in Trkiye regarding the use of AI in endoscopic procedures.Materials and methods:This 31-item survey study, which assessed demographic characteristics, ethical concerns, and general perspectives, was conducted across Trkiye between May 1 and June 30, 2025.Results: It was observed that the majority of participants had limited knowledge and a moderate level of concern regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopic patient management, as well as the associated ethical and legal regulations.Participants emphasized that AI should be used as an assistive tool, provided that appropriate oversight and training are in place.Gastrointestinal surgeons expressed significantly greater concern about potential errors that AI systems might generate, whereas surgical oncologists were more supportive of using AI as an assistive tool.Meanwhile, general surgeons more prominently highlighted the necessity of formal education on AI.Discussion: General surgery specialists and subspecialists in Trkiye have expressed their ethical and legal concerns regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopy, along with the perceived need for regulation and education.It is of great importance to consider the perspectives of these specialists during the development and clinical integration of AI systems.

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