Exploring AI Literacy and Public Attitudes in Smart Healthcare: Findings from a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Rising healthcare costs and growing system complexities emphasize the need for innovative solutions such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study assessed public awareness and attitudes toward AI in healthcare through a descriptive cross-sectional design involving 300 participants, including healthcare professionals and the general public. AI literacy was measured using the standardized MAILS questionnaire, focusing on practical, ethical, and technical dimensions. Results showed high competence in practical application and ethical awareness, whereas technical skills, particularly in AI creation, were limited. Structural equation modeling revealed that practical and ethical competencies strongly shape positive attitudes toward smart healthcare, with self-efficacy serving as a key mediator. These findings highlight the importance of multi-level educational programs, targeted technical training, and ethical guidance to foster responsible AI adoption. Limitations include convenience sampling, self-report bias, and geographic constraints. Overall, the study provides actionable insights for policymakers, healthcare institutions, and future research aimed at promoting AI literacy and effective implementation in healthcare.

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