More than an algorithm: mental health professionals confront the promise and ethical perils of artificial intelligence

Abstract

Abstract This study explores the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mental health, professionals' interactions with AI, and future predictions. Using a phenomenological design, 10 psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, and psychiatric nurses in Turkey were selected through purposive sampling based on their AI knowledge and experience. Data were collected through semi-structured online interviews conducted between April and June 2024. Interviews continued until thematic saturation was reached. The semi-structured interview questions were developed based on Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DIT) and Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The data were analyzed using content analysis with MAXQDA 24. Findings reveal four emerging main themes: AI advantages, disadvantages, future predictions, and professionals' relationships with AI. Illustrative insights highlight participants’ views of AI as a supportive supervision and consultation tool while simultaneously expressing concerns about diminished human interaction and data security. Advantages include supervision support, facilitation of mental health services, and reduced workload, while disadvantages involve diminished human interaction, risks for disadvantaged groups, and data security concerns. Accordingly, AI is seen as a tool to overcome socioeconomic barriers yet concerns about the therapeutic alliance and ethical issues persist. Participants' relationships with AI reflect mixed feelings, learning processes, and AI’s role in mental health education. Despite AI’s supportive role in mental health services, ethical and security concerns remain. This study highlights the need for robust regulations and standards to ensure the safe and responsible use of AI, offering a comprehensive perspective on its future role by examining the associated ethical and social implications.

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