Artificial Intelligence and Ethics: Public Perceptions, Social Impact, and Policy Challenges in Contemporary Society

Abstract

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into business, governance, communication, and everyday life has intensified ethical debates surrounding privacy, fairness, transparency, accountability, and societal impact. This research paper examines public perceptions of AI ethics, identifies key social implications, and evaluates policy challenges that influence responsible AI deployment. Through a mixed-method analysis combining survey data, case studies, and secondary literature, the study reveals a growing concern about algorithmic bias, misuse of personal data, and lack of clear regulatory frameworks. Findings show that although people recognize AI’s potential benefits—such as efficiency, convenience, and innovation—they simultaneously fear job displacement, digital surveillance, and automated decision-making without human oversight. The paper proposes a multi-stakeholder policy framework integrating ethical design principles, public awareness, accountability systems, and international cooperation to ensure sustainable and socially responsible AI adoption.

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