Knowledge and Attitudes of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare among Undergraduate Nursing Students in the Northeast of Pakistan: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is progressively developing as a breakthrough in healthcare provision, improving clinical decision-making, patient safety, and efficiency. Nursing students must be sufficiently equipped to comprehend and exploit AI technologies as future healthcare specialists. Nevertheless, there is a lack of local data regarding the knowledge of the nursing students and their attitude to AI in healthcare in Pakistan. Objective: This research evaluated the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate nursing students about artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare in colleges of Northeast of Pakistan. Methods: An in-depth survey was used to conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study among undergraduate Generic Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) students of 11 nursing colleges located in Mardan Northeast of Pakistan over a period of four weeks. The method of sampling was the non-probability convenience sampling method. The sample size was determined using 95 percent of the confidence of a 5 percent margin of error in Open Epi. The participants (n=310) have been used to collect data using a structured and validated 2-rule questionnaire which included knowledge (10 questions) and attitude (10 questions) towards artificial intelligence in health care. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis of frequencies, means, and standard deviations. Results: Nursing students exhibit substantial knowledge regarding the issue of artificial intelligence. (mean knowledge score 4.02 +- 0.58). Most of the respondents agreed that AI had some beneficial use in the healthcare industry and could improve nursing practice and as such should feature in nursing learning. The overall attitude toward artificial intelligence was good as the mean score of the attitude was 3.72±0.48. The majority of the students viewed AI as useful in terms of patients and healthcare progress. Nevertheless, the problems concerning ethical concerns, privacy, legal duty, and job substitution were also communicated. Conclusion: Undergraduates nursing students at Mardan, Northeast of Pakistan possess favorable experiences and understand the artificially intelligent healthcare knowledge comprehensively. Despite positive perceptions, current challenges suggest that systematic education, ethics counseling, and curriculum alignment regarding AI that will equip future nurses with suitable approaches to experienced artificial intelligence, which is safe and effective.

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