AI Tutor Comparison: Google Guided Learning and ChatGPT Study Mode

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is transforming education through specialized tutoring systems designed to personalize learning in real-time. This paper conceptually compares four emerging learning modes: ChatGPT Study Mode (Socratic/Dialogic), Google Guided Learning (Structured/Scaffolded), Anthropic Learning Mode (Reflective/Constitutional), and Khanmigo (Curriculum-Integrated Inquiry). Drawing on scaffolding theory and constructivist frameworks, the analysis differentiates these models based on their pedagogical "DNA": ChatGPT fosters active learning through strategic questioning , while Google prioritizes source-grounded, multimodal scaffolding. Anthropic emphasizes ethical reasoning and visible "extended thinking", and Khanmigo utilizes formative feedback loops within a fixed syllabus. For students, these systems can generate 20–30% greater-than-expected learning gains while enhancing metacognitive awareness. For faculty, AI tutors enable a transition toward high-value mentorship and curriculum design as 68% of instructors report a shift in course delivery. In the business sector, these tools offer scalable upskilling solutions, reducing training time by up to 62%. The paper situates these trends within the University of Economics Varna context, advocating for a human-driven framework (HD-AIHED) that utilizes microcredentials to validate collaborative AI literacy. Ultimately, successful integration requires balancing AI’s computational precision with human-centered critical judgment to ensure technology serves as an enabler rather than a replacement for human intelligence.

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