The Role of AI in Optimizing Learning Management Systems (LMS) for 21st Century Learning

Abstract

This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Learning Management Systems (LMS) and discusses its impact on 21st-century learning as well as related challenges and risks. This paper uses a literature review methodology, referring to ten selected scientific articles from 2019 to 2025, chosen based on criteria such as type of publication, research topic, focus of study. The findings show that most studies confirm the potential of AI-integrated LMS in increasing learner engagement, encouraging independent learning, and improving the effectiveness of digital education, especially in higher education. However, this review also reveals that most studies are still conceptual, review-based, or bibliometric, and lack strong long-term empirical data. Furthermore, concerns such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, infrastructure readiness, and educators' AI expertise are often cited as significant barriers to the implementation of AI in LMS. These findings suggest that while AI has great potential for LMS development, its integration requires thoughtful, ethical, and context-rooted educational strategies. Keywords: Artificiall Intelegence (AI), Learning Management System (LMS), AI in LMS, Digital learning.

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