ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SIMULATION-BASED EDUCATION TRAINING FOR TVET: A MINI REVIEW OF BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS

Abstract

Purpose: This mini-review explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in simulation-based education for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), focusing on its benefits, limitations, and future directions. Its objective is to synthesize current research and identify opportunities and challenges associated with integrating AI technologies to enhance vocational learning. Methods: An inclusive literature review was conducted across articles indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords “artificial intelligence,” “simulation,” “education,” “TVET,” “benefits,” and “limitations.” Only English-language, peer-reviewed journal articles directly addressing AI in simulation-based TVET education were included, while grey literature and studies unrelated to AI were excluded. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that AI applications, such as Machine Learning (ML), smart training systems, and Virtual Reality (VR) or Augmented Reality (AR), enhance personalized learning, performance assessment, and skill acquisition. However, limitations such as high implementation costs, ethical concerns, concerns regarding data privacy and security and limited instructor preparedness persist. The literature also highlights ongoing debates regarding the balance between automated systems and human pedagogical guidance and inconsistent evidence regarding long-term learning outcomes. Conclusion: Future research should prioritize developing standardized evaluation frameworks, conducting empirical studies with experimental designs, establishing ethical guidelines, and identifying cost-effective implementation strategies. Strengthening educators' digital literacy and promoting equitable access are vital to maximizing the pedagogical potential of AI-driven simulations in modernizing TVET training. Based on the findings, policymakers, government departments, and curriculum authorities are also encouraged to promote AI-driven simulation technologies as a foundation for modern TVET. This approach aims to prepare learners with the adaptive skills required for a rapidly evolving technological workforce.

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