Overuse of Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health Problems among Youth in Pakistan

Abstract

This study investigates the association between the overuse of artificial intelligence (AI) and mental health outcomes among youth in Pakistan. As AI-driven technologies such as chatbots, learning tools, and algorithmic social media systems continue to integrate into everyday life, concerns regarding excessive reliance on AI and its potential psychological impact have grown. Despite the rapid adoption of AI-based platforms, limited empirical research has examined their mental health consequences within the Pakistani youth population. A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational research design was utilized. Youth aged 15 to 25 years were recruited through convenience sampling from educational and community settings across Pakistan. The Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (AIAS) was used to assess AI overuse, while the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21 Items (DASS-21) measured mental health outcomes. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between AI overuse and all mental health indicators, including depression (r = .42, p < .01), anxiety (r = .38, p < .01), and stress (r = .35, p < .01). Regression analysis further indicated that AI overuse significantly predicted depression (β = 0.42, t = 5.63, p < .001), anxiety (β = 0.38, t = 5.43, p < .001), and stress (β = 0.35, t = 5.83, p < .001), demonstrating that increased engagement with AI technologies corresponded with heightened psychological distress among youth. These findings support the hypotheses and suggest that excessive use of AI may contribute to higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, the results highlight the importance of promoting balanced and mindful AI use, encouraging digital literacy practices, and implementing mental health interventions to reduce the psychological risks associated with AI overuse among young individuals in Pakistan.

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