Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Awareness, Perceptions, and Future Perspectives of Palestinian Medical Students and Physicians

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and supporting clinical decision-making. While global adoption is accelerating, successful integration depends on healthcare professionals' preparedness and acceptance. In low-resource settings such as Palestine, infrastructural limitations and lack of formal AI education may influence perceptions and readiness. Objective: This study evaluates the awareness, perceptions, and future expectations of Palestinian medical students and physicians regarding AI integration in healthcare. It also explores readiness for adoption and identifies educational gaps to support effective implementation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 915 participants (689 students, 226 physicians) from five universities and healthcare institutions across the West Bank and Gaza between December 2024 and January 2025. A structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed demographics, AI awareness, perceptions, and future perspectives. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Ethical approval was obtained from Al-Azhar University. Results: (2) = 25.26, p < 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.17). While 82.3% were aware of AI's benefits, 78.4% couldn't name any medical AI software. Attitudes were generally positive: 59.3% agreed AI improves outcomes, and 83.6% supported formal AI training. Interest in AI careers was expressed by 40.8%, with radiology (54.6%) and health information management (60.6%) seen as key future applications. Conclusions: Palestinian medical students and physicians show growing interest in AI despite limited formal education and practical exposure. Both groups view AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for clinical judgment, while expressing concerns about ethical risks and technical limitations. Tailored educational strategies are essential to bridge knowledge gaps and promote responsible AI integration into medical practice.

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